Kulimba kwamakokedwe: yomwe imadziwikanso kuti kulimba mtima. Amatanthauza mphamvu yofunikira pagawo lililonse kuti mphira atalike kutalika kwake, ndiye kuti, kutalika mpaka 100%, 200%, 300%, 500%. Zowonetsedwa mu N/cm2. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chofunikira pamakina poyezera mphamvu ndi kulimba kwa mphira. Kukula kwake kumapangitsa kuti mphira ukhale wolimba kwambiri, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti mphira wamtundu uwu suchedwa kusinthika.
Kukana misozi: Ngati mankhwala a labala ali ndi ming'alu pakagwiritsidwa ntchito, amang'ambika kwambiri ndipo pamapeto pake amachotsedwa. Chifukwa chake kukana misozi ndichizindikiro chofunikira pamakina pazinthu zamphira. Kukaniza misozi nthawi zambiri kumayesedwa ndi mphamvu yokana misozi, yomwe imatanthawuza mphamvu yofunikira pa makulidwe a unit (cm) ya rabara kuti ing'ambe mpaka itasweka, yoyesedwa mu N/cm. Zoonadi, mtengo waukulu, umakhala wabwino.
Adhesion ndi mphamvu adhesion: Mphamvu yofunikira kulekanitsa magawo awiri omangira a zinthu za mphira (monga guluu ndi nsalu kapena nsalu ndi nsalu) amatchedwa adhesion. Kukula kwa adhesion nthawi zambiri kumayesedwa ndi mphamvu yolumikizira, yomwe imawonetsedwa ngati mphamvu yakunja yofunikira pagawo lagawo pomwe zigawo ziwiri zomangira zachitsanzo zimasiyanitsidwa. Chigawo chowerengera ndi N/cm kapena N/2.5cm. Mphamvu zomatira ndichizindikiro chofunikira pamakina pamakina opangira mphira opangidwa ndi thonje kapena ulusi wina ngati zida zamafupa, ndipo, kukulira kwa mtengo, kumakhala bwinoko.
Valani kutaya: yomwe imadziwikanso kuti kuchepetsa kuvala kwina, ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu choyezera kukana kuvala kwa zipangizo za rabara, ndipo pali njira zambiri zoyezera ndi kuzifotokozera. Pakadali pano, China imagwiritsa ntchito njira yoyesera ya Akron abrasion, yomwe imaphatikizapo kukangana pakati pa gudumu la mphira ndi gudumu lopukutira lolimba (Shore 780) pansi pa ngodya ina (150) ndi katundu wina (2.72kg) kuti adziwe kuvala. kuchuluka kwa mphira mkati mwa sitiroko inayake (1.61km), yowonetsedwa mu cm3 / 1.61km. Zing'onozing'ono mtengo uwu, ndi bwino kukana kuvala kwa mphira.
Brittle kutentha ndi galasi kusintha kutentha: Izi ndizizindikiro zaubwino zodziwira kukana kuzizira kwa mphira. Mphira umayamba kuuma pansi pa zero digiri Celsius ukalowetsedwa, kumachepetsa kwambiri kulimba kwake; Pamene kutentha kukupitirizabe kuchepa, pang’onopang’ono kumalimba mpaka kufika pamene kulimba kwake kumasoŵa kotheratu, monga ngati galasi, lophwanyika ndi lolimba, ndipo likhoza kusweka pamene likukhudza. Kutentha kumeneku kumatchedwa kutentha kwa galasi, komwe ndi kutentha kotsika kwambiri kwa rabara. M'makampani, kutentha kwa magalasi sikumayesedwa (chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali), koma kutentha kwamphamvu kumayesedwa. Kutentha kumene mphira umayamba kusweka pambuyo pozizira pang'onopang'ono kwa nthawi yochepa ndikugwidwa ndi mphamvu inayake yakunja kumatchedwa kutentha kwa brittle. Kutentha kwa brittle nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokwera kuposa kutentha kwa kusintha kwa galasi, ndipo kutsika kwa kutentha kwachibwibwi, kumapangitsa kuti mphira asamazizira kwambiri.
Kutentha kwamphamvu: Rabara ikatenthedwa mpaka kutentha kwina, colloid imasweka, ndipo kutentha kumeneku kumatchedwa kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha magwiridwe antchito poyezera kukana kutentha kwa mphira. Kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri, ndi bwino kukana kutentha kwa rabara iyi. Kutentha kwenikweni kwa mphira wamba kumakhala pakati pa kutentha kwamphamvu ndi kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono.
Anti kutupa katundu: Mankhwala ena a labala nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi zinthu monga asidi, alkali, mafuta, ndi zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu za rabara zichuluke, pamwamba pake zimakhala zomata, ndipo pamapeto pake zinthuzo zimachotsedwa. Kuchita kwa zinthu za mphira pokana zotsatira za asidi, alkali, mafuta, ndi zina zotero kumatchedwa anti kutupa. Pali njira ziwiri zoyezera kukana kwa kutupa kwa mphira: imodzi ndiyo kumiza chitsanzo cha mphira mumadzimadzi monga asidi, alkali, mafuta, ndi zina zotero, ndipo pambuyo pa kutentha ndi nthawi, kuyeza kulemera kwake (kapena voliyumu) kukula. mtengo; Mtengo wake ukakhala wocheperako, ndiye kuti mphira umalimbana bwino ndi kutupa. Njira ina ndiyo kufotokoza ndi chiŵerengero cha mphamvu zomangika pambuyo pa kumizidwa ku mphamvu yowonongeka isanayambe kumizidwa, yomwe imatchedwa kukana kwa asidi (alkali) kapena coefficient yokana mafuta; Kukula kokwanira kumeneku, kumapangitsa kuti mphira usatupe.
Ukalamba coefficient: Kuchuluka kwa ukalamba ndi chizindikiro cha ntchito chomwe chimayesa kukana kukalamba kwa mphira. Imafotokozedwa ngati chiŵerengero cha thupi ndi makina katundu (makokedwe mphamvu kapena mankhwala amakokedwe mphamvu ndi elongation) mphira pambuyo ukalamba pa kutentha zina ndi kwa nthawi. Kuchuluka kwa ukalamba kumawonetsa kukana kukalamba kwa rabara iyi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-06-2024
