Zina zofunika za mphira

1. Kunyezimira mphira ngati elasticity

Mphira ndi wosiyana ndi mphamvu zotanuka zomwe zimawonetsedwa ndi kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali (Young's modulus).Limanena za zomwe zimatchedwa "rabara elasticity" yomwe ingathe kubwezeretsedwa ngakhale mazana a peresenti ya kupunduka kutengera kukula kwa entropy komwe kumapangidwa ndi kutsika ndi kubwereza kwa maloko a molekyulu.

2. Kuwonetsa viscoelasticity ya rabara

Malinga ndi lamulo la Hooke, thupi lotchedwa viscoelastic thupi lomwe lili ndi katundu wapakati pakati pa thupi lotanuka ndi madzi athunthu.Ndiko kunena kuti, pazochita monga mapindikidwe obwera chifukwa cha mphamvu zakunja, zimayendetsedwa ndi nthawi komanso kutentha, ndikuwonetsa zochitika zakukwawa komanso kupumula kupsinjika.Pakugwedezeka, pali kusiyana kwa gawo pakupsinjika ndi kusinthika, komwe kumawonetsanso kutayika kwa hysteresis.Kutayika kwa mphamvu kumawonekera mwa mawonekedwe a kutentha kwa kutentha malinga ndi kukula kwake.Komanso, muzochitika zamphamvu, kudalira nthawi ndi nthawi kungawonedwe, zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa nthawi yosintha kutentha kwa nthawi.

3. Ili ndi ntchito ya anti vibration ndi buffering

Kugwirizana pakati pa kufewa, kukhazikika, ndi kukhuthala kwa mphira kumawonetsa kuthekera kwake kochepetsera kufalikira kwa mawu ndi kugwedezeka.Chifukwa chake imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa phokoso ndi kugwedezeka kwamphamvu.

4. Pali kudalira kwakukulu pa kutentha

Osati mphira wokha, komanso zinthu zambiri zakuthupi zopangidwa ndi polima nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, ndipo mphira umakhala ndi chizolowezi champhamvu cha viscoelasticity, chomwe chimakhudzidwanso kwambiri ndi kutentha.Ponseponse, mphira umakonda kugwedezeka pa kutentha kochepa;Pa kutentha kwakukulu, njira zingapo monga kufewetsa, kusungunuka, makutidwe ndi okosijeni otentha, kuwonongeka kwa kutentha, ndi kuyaka.Komanso, chifukwa mphira ndi organic, alibe retardancy lawi.

5. Makhalidwe a kusungunula magetsi

Monga pulasitiki, mphira poyamba inali insulator.Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pakhungu lotchinjiriza ndi zina, mawonekedwe amagetsi amagetsi amakhudzidwanso chifukwa chamitundu yosiyanasiyana.Kuphatikiza apo, pali ma rubber ochititsa chidwi omwe amachepetsa kukana kwa kutchinjiriza kuteteza magetsi.

6. Kukalamba chodabwitsa

Poyerekeza ndi kuwonongeka kwa zitsulo, matabwa, miyala, ndi kuwonongeka kwa mapulasitiki, kusintha kwa zinthu zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha chilengedwe kumadziwika ngati zochitika zaukalamba m'makampani a rabara.Ponseponse, ndizovuta kunena kuti mphira ndi chinthu cholimba kwambiri.Kuwala kwa UV, kutentha, mpweya, ozoni, mafuta, zosungunulira, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kupsinjika maganizo, kugwedezeka, ndi zina zotero ndizo zomwe zimayambitsa ukalamba.

7. Muyenera kuwonjezera sulfure

Njira yolumikizira unyolo ngati ma polima a rabara ndi sulfure kapena zinthu zina amatchedwa sulfure kuwonjezera.Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kayendedwe ka pulasitiki, mawonekedwe, mphamvu, ndi zinthu zina zakuthupi zimasinthidwa, ndipo kutentha kwa ntchito kumakulitsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yabwino.Kuphatikiza pa sulfure sulfidation yoyenera ma elastomer okhala ndi zomangira ziwiri, palinso peroxide sulfidation ndi ammonium sulfidation pogwiritsa ntchito peroxides.Mu rabara ya thermoplastic, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti mphira ngati mapulasitiki, palinso omwe safuna kuwonjezera sulfure.

8. Fomula yofunikira

Mu mphira wopangira, kuchotserako kumapangidwa kumene mawonekedwe monga polyurethane sakufunika (kupatulapo ma crosslinking agents).Nthawi zambiri, mphira amafunikira mitundu yosiyanasiyana.Ndikofunika kunena za mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa mapangidwe osankhidwa ngati "kukhazikitsa chilinganizo" muukadaulo wokonza mphira.Magawo osawoneka bwino a chilinganizo chothandiza chomwe chikugwirizana ndi cholinga ndi ntchito yofunikira zitha kunenedwa kuti ndiukadaulo wa opanga osiyanasiyana opanga.

9. Zina

(a) Mphamvu yokoka yeniyeni

Ponena za mphira yaiwisi, mphira wachilengedwe umachokera ku 0.91 mpaka 0.93, EPM imachokera ku 0.86 mpaka 0.87 kukhala yaying'ono kwambiri, ndipo fluororubber imachokera ku 1.8 mpaka 2.0 kukhala yayikulu kwambiri.Labala wothandiza amasiyanasiyana malinga ndi chilinganizo, ndi mphamvu yokoka pafupifupi 2 ya mpweya wakuda ndi sulfure, 5.6 pazitsulo zachitsulo monga zinc oxide, ndi pafupifupi 1 pakupanga organic.Nthawi zambiri, mphamvu yokoka yeniyeni imachokera ku 1 mpaka 2. Komanso, muzochitika zapadera, palinso zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi khalidwe lolemera monga mafilimu osamveka odzaza ndi ufa wotsogolera.Zonsezi, poyerekeza ndi zitsulo ndi zipangizo zina, zikhoza kunenedwa kuti ndizopepuka.

(b) Kuuma mtima

Pazonse, zimakhala zofewa.Ngakhale pali ambiri omwe ali ndi kuuma kwapansi pansi, ndizothekanso kupeza zomatira zolimba zofanana ndi rabara ya polyurethane, yomwe ingasinthidwe molingana ndi mapangidwe osiyanasiyana.

(c) Wothandizira mpweya

Pazonse, ndizovuta kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya ndi mpweya wina ngati zida zosindikizira.Rabara ya Butyl imakhala yabwino kwambiri yosapumira, pomwe mphira wa silikoni ndi wosavuta kupuma.

(d) Kusalowa madzi

Ponseponse, ili ndi zinthu zopanda madzi, kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe amadzi kuposa pulasitiki, ndipo imatha kufika makumi angapo peresenti m'madzi otentha.Kumbali imodzi, ponena za kukana madzi, chifukwa cha zinthu monga kutentha, nthawi yomiza, ndi kulowerera kwa asidi ndi alkali, mphira wa polyurethane ukhoza kugawanika madzi.

(e) Kukana mankhwala

Ponseponse, imakhala yolimba kukana mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndipo pafupifupi mphira yonse imatha kupirira kuchuluka kwa zamchere.Ma rubber ambiri amakhala osalimba akakumana ndi ma oxidizing acid amphamvu.Ngakhale kuti imalimbana kwambiri ndi mafuta acids monga mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga mowa ndi ether.Koma mu hydrogen carbide, acetone, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, phenolic mankhwala, ndi zina zotero, zimakhala zosavuta kulowa ndipo zimayambitsa kutupa ndi kufooka.Kuphatikiza apo, pankhani ya kukana mafuta, ambiri amatha kupirira mafuta a nyama ndi masamba, koma amapunduka ndipo amatha kutupa akakumana ndi mafuta.Kuphatikiza apo, imakhudzidwanso ndi zinthu monga mtundu wa rabala, mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa mapangidwe ake, ndi kutentha.

(f) Kuvala kukana

Ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chimafunika makamaka m'minda ya matayala, lamba woonda, nsapato, ndi zina zotero. Poyerekeza ndi kuvala chifukwa cha kutsetsereka, kuvala kwaukali kumakhala ndi vuto.Rabara ya polyurethane, mphira wachilengedwe, labala la butadiene, ndi zina zambiri zimakhala ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwambiri.

(g) Kusatopa

Zimatanthawuza kulimba panthawi yobwerezabwereza ndi kugwedezeka.Ngakhale kufunafuna kumakhala kovuta kupanga ming'alu ndi kupita patsogolo chifukwa cha kutentha, kumagwirizananso ndi kusintha kwa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi zotsatira zamakina.SBR imaposa mphira wachilengedwe potengera mtundu wa crack, koma kukula kwake ndikwachangu komanso koyipa.Kukhudzidwa ndi mtundu wa mphira, matalikidwe a mphamvu, kuthamanga kwa deformation, ndi wothandizira wothandizira.

(h) Mphamvu

Mphira uli ndi mphamvu zolimba (mphamvu yothyoka, elongation,% modulus), mphamvu yopondereza, kumeta ubweya, kung'ambika, ndi zina zotero. Pali zomatira monga mphira wa polyurethane omwe ndi mphira wangwiro wokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, komanso mphira zambiri zomwe zasinthidwa kupyolera mu kusakaniza. othandizira ndi othandizira.

(i) Kukana moto

Zimatanthawuza kuyerekezera kwa kutentha ndi kuyaka kwa zipangizo zikakumana ndi moto.Komabe, kudontha, kawopsedwe ka kupanga gasi, komanso kuchuluka kwa utsi ndizovuta.Chifukwa mphira ndi wachilengedwe, sungathe kuyaka, koma ukupitanso kuzinthu zowotcha moto, palinso mphira wokhala ndi zinthu zoletsa moto monga mphira wa fluororubber ndi chloroprene.

(j) Kumamatira

Ponseponse, ili ndi zomatira zabwino.Kusungunuka mu zosungunulira ndi pansi pa zomatira processing, njira imeneyi akhoza kukwaniritsa zomatira katundu wa dongosolo labala.Matayala ndi zigawo zina zimagwirizanitsidwa kutengera sulfure kuwonjezera.Labala wachilengedwe ndi SBR amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizira mphira ku rabala, mphira kupita ku CHIKWANGWANI, mphira mpaka pulasitiki, mphira mpaka chitsulo, ndi zina zambiri.

(k) Poizoni

Popanga mphira, ma stabilizers ena ndi mapulasitiki amakhala ndi zinthu zovulaza, ndipo ma pigment okhala ndi cadmium ayeneranso kudziwidwa.